Louisea So, let's be clear that when we make (as we did in Whispering and you accepted in the formulation of your questions) the distinction between f1 (the transforms that preceed FA - our first access to the external world) and f2 - those transforms that succeed FA as neurological (f1) and linguistic (and associated other higher order transforms) - f2, we are using those words pedagogically. In fact, all transforms will have a neurological representation. With that caveat firmly in mind, the answer to your question is yes - beliefs, values... occur in the post-FA transforms. Now comes the interesting part for us - a theme that has not yet been well-explored: there are a number of cases that we have come across where a person has held a value or belief for so long and without challenge that it has consequences pre-FA. The typical form that these consequences take is strong filtering or attention scanning patterning that literally does not allow the person involved to detect anything in FA that is NOT congruent with their pre-held beliefs or values. They literally do not have access to those portions of experience that are incongruent with what they believe or value. Changing such commitments are a faxcinating challenge. Little is known (as far as we have been able to discern) about the specifics of the formation and deployment of such consequences - a worthy research topic. You finish with the question, "Where does the universal modelling process fall F1 or F2 transforms?" We are uncertain which universal modeling process specifically you are referring to. If the reference is to generalization, deletion and distortion, then please have a look at pages 174 - 176 in Whispering where we offer an analysis that should remove any doubt about their value other than pedagogical (namely, zero). If you are referring to some other proposed universal modeling proces, please identify it. All the best, Carmen and John